REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF FIRST-CALF COWS OF SIMMENTAL BREED IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MILK PRODUCTION

  • O. Kochuk-Yashchenko Polissia National University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5794-5580
  • D. Kucher Polissia National University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1998-6290
  • O. Ustimovich Polissia National University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine)
  • M. Mosiychuk Polissia National University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine)
  • Yu. Bystranivskyi Polissia National University (Zhytomyr, Ukraine)
Keywords: Simmental breed, first-born cows, service period, dry period, yield, force of influence

Abstract

The aim of the work was to study the influence of biological periods of reproduction of first-born cows of Simmental breed on their productive features of organic and conventional milk production.

Research materials and methods. The research was carried out in the herds of Simmental breed PС "Halex-Agro" (organic milk production, n = 272) and LLC "Myroslavel-Agro" (conventional milk production, n = 120) Novograd-Volyn district of Zhytomyr region according to conventional methods.

Research results. The article presents the results of research on the influence of the age of the first fertile insemination, age of first calving, the duration of service and dry periods of Simmental cows in their productive traits in organic and conventional milk production.

The best indicators, regardless of the technology of milk production, were characterized by animals of the middle group, the age of the first fertile insemination of these animals in PE "Galex-Agro" ranged from 526 to 678 days, and in STOV "Miroslavel-Agro" – from 505 to 648 days. The value of this indicator within farms was 462.5 and 458.0 kg, respectively. Therefore, both early insemination and late insemination were not desirable for this herd, because with early insemination farmers don’t get enough milk and there is a high probability of giving birth to calves with lower live weight, while with late insemination there is an irrational overuse of investments in uncovered heifers. their future milk productivity.

In the conditions of both farms there is a clear pattern that animals with an earlier age of the first fertile insemination are characterized by more intensive formation of live weight. Animals of the first and second experimental groups were statistically significantly superior to peers of the third experimental group in live weight at the age of 3 to 18 months in PE "Galex-Agro", and from 6 to 18 months in STOV "Myroslavel-Agro" (P < 0.05–0.01). There is almost the same live weight of heifers at different ages in both farms, due to the common origin of the breeding stock imported from the Czech Republic.

It has been established that with increasing age of the first calving milk productivity of cows increases. The highest yield for 305 days (6117.2 and 5937.6 kg) and all lactation (6920.9 and 6953.4 kg) were observed in cows whose age of first calving was 995 and older and 917 and older days in the conditions of PE "Galeks-Agro” and STOV “Myroslavel-Agro” respectively. The lowest yield for 305 days (5733.9 and 5863.0 kg) and all lactation (6528.2 and 6424.6 kg) were in cows with the age of the first calving 835 and less and 778 and less days in both farms, respectively.

There was a statistically significant effect (P < 0.01–0.001) of the duration of the service period in both farms on the duration of lactation of cows (58.6 and 63.9%), hopes (22.8 and 34.2%), as well as on the fat content in milk (2.2%) only in the conditions of PE "Galex-Agro". In the conditions of intensive management of the dairy industry in organic and conventional production, it is necessary to take into account the rate of reproduction of the herd, which is largely determined by the length of the service period. The service period is one of the key indicators that determines not only the reproduction of animals, but also their future milk productivity.

Conclusions. According to the results of our own research, it was found that the extension of the service period leads to an increase in the duration of biological periods of reproduction and to a decrease in the coefficient of reproducibility (from 1.06 to 0.68; from 1.05 to 0.72), which is predictable. Statistically significant effect (P < 0.001) of the value of the service period was found in the conditions of PE "Galex-Agro" and LLC "Miroslavel-Agro" on the duration of the interbody period (74.2 and 68.8%), the coefficient of reproducibility and 78.2), as well as the duration of the dry period (2.6%) and the age of the first calving (2.7%) only in the conditions of PE "Galex-Agro".

When comparing animals with a shortened and optimal duration of the dry period, a statistically significant difference was found in the conditions of organic production in the duration of lactation (25.3 days), milk yield during lactation (673 kg) and 305 days (359 kg), milk fat (13.7), milk protein (13.4 kg), total milk fat and protein production (26.2 kg). In terms of conventional production, animals with a shorter dry period are characterized by longer lactation and higher milk yield.

References

Kochuk-Yashchenko, O. A., D. M. Kucher, and V. Yu. Mamchenko. 2019. Hospodarsky korysni oznaky koriv-pervistok symentalskoi porody zalezhno vid tryvalosti servis-periodu pry orhanichnomu vyrobnytstvi moloka – Economically useful features of Simmental first-born cows depending on the duration of the service period in organic milk production. Visnyk Sumsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriya "Tvarynnytstvo" – Bulletin of Sumy national agrarian university. Seria "Livestock". Sumy. 3(38):19–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2019.3.3 (in Ukrainian).

Prykhodko, M. F. 2014. Vplyv tryvalosti mizhotelnoho periodu na produktyvnist ta vidtvoriuvalnu zdatnist koriv ukrainskoi buroi molochnoi porody ta vnutriporodnoho typu ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody – Influence of the duration of the period between calving on the productivity and reproductive capacity of cows of the Ukrainian brown dairy breed and intrabreed type of the Ukrainian black and white dairy breed. Visnyk Sumskoho natsionalnoho ahrarnoho universytetu. Seriia : Tvarynnytstvo – Bulletin of Sumy national agrarian university. Seria "Livestock". Sumy. 2(2):141–144 (in Ukrainian).

Grinchuk, M., and Yu. Nesterova. 2021. Influence of reproductive qualities on dairy productivity of cows of the Simmental breed. E3S Web of Conferences: International Conference on Advances in Agrobusiness and Biotechnology Research (ABR 2021). 285. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128504005 (in English).

Stetskevich, E. K. 2015. Sroki nastupleniya fiziologicheskoy zrelosti i vosproizvoditelnaya sposobnost telok, poluchennyih raznyimi biotehnologicheskimi metodami – The timing of the onset of physiological maturity and the reproductive capacity of heifers obtained by different biotechnological methods. Sovremennyie tehnologii selskohozyaystvennogo proizvodstva : sbornik nauchnyih statey po materialam XVIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (Grodno, 22, 28 maya 2015 goda) / Ministerstvo selskogo hozyaystva i prodovolstviya Respubliki Belarus, Uchrezhdenie obrazovaniya «Grodnenskiy gosudarstvennyiy agrarnyiy universitet» – Modern technologies of agricultural production: a collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the XVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference (Grodno, May 22, 28, 2015) / Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Belarus, Educational Institution «Grodno State Agrarian University». Grodno : GGAU, 2015. Zootehniya. Veterinariya. 112–114 (in Russian).

Shesternenkova, A. A., and I. V. Manicheva. 2019. The influence of the genotype of cows on the indicators of reproductive function. Scientific journal of young scientists. 1:24–26 (in English).

Bekenev, V. A. 2019. Productive longevity of animals, methods of its prediction and extension. Agricultural Biology. 54(4):655–666 (in English).

Ulimbashev, M. B., and Zh. T. Alagirova. 2016. Adaptive ability of Holstein cattle introduced into new habital conditions. Agricultural Biology. 51(2):247–254 (in English).

Kishkevich, О. М., and Yu. V. Istranin. 2019. Influence of the age of first calving and linearity on the milk productivity of first-calf cows. Young researchers of agroindustrial and forestry complexes – to the regions. 3:185–191 (in English).

Fedorovych, Ye. I., and Y. Z. Siratskyi. 2004. Zakhidnyi vnutrishno porodnyi typ ukrainskoi chorno-riaboi molochnoi porody: hospodarsko-biolohichni ta selektsiino-henetychni osoblyvosti -Western intra-breed type of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed: economic-biological and selection-genetic features. Kyiev, Naukovyi svit, 385 (in Ukrainian).

Zasukha, T. V., Y. Z. Siratskyi, O. H. Tymchenko, A. A. Pakhalok, Ye. I. Fedorovych, M. D. Berezovskyi, M. V. Shtompel, V. P. Kovalenko, V. P. Borodai, O. V. Tsyhaniuk, B. M. Hopka, V. P. Fedorov, and V. Ye. Skotsyk. 1999. Rozvedennia silskohospodarskykh tvaryn z osnovamy spetsialnoi zootekhnii: pidruchnyk – Breeding of farm animals with the basics of special zootechnics: a textbook. Kyiv, Ahrarna nauka, 512 (in Ukrainian).

Merkur`eva, E. K. 1970. Biometrija v selekcii i genetike sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh – Biometry in breeding and genetics of agricultural animals. Moskva, Kolos, 423 (in Russian).

Plokhinskiy, N. A. 1969. Rukovodstvo po biometrii dlya zootekhnikov – Biometrics Guide for Livestock Specialists. Moskva, Kolos, 259 (in Russian).

Kostenko, V. I. 2013. Tekhnolohiya vyrobnytstva moloka i yalovychyny. Praktykum :navchal'nyy posibnyk – Technology of production milk and beef. Workshop: educational manual.

Kyyiv : Tsentr uchbovoyi literatury, 400 (in Ukrainian).

Tytarenko, I. V., M. V. Bushtruk, and I. S. Starostenko. 2016. Vplyv intensyvnosti vyroshchuvannia telyts na yikh vidtvornu zdatnist ta molochnu produktyvnist – The influence of the intensity of growing heifers on their reproductive capacity and milk productivity. Naukovo-tekhnichnyi biuleten NDTs biobezpeky ta ekolohichnoho kontroliu resursiv APK – Scientific and technical bulletin of the Research Center for Biosafety and Environmental Control of Agricultural Resources. 4(1):260–266 (in Ukrainian).

Bolgov, A. E., E. P. Karmanova, I. A. Hakana, and M. Je. Huobonen. 2010. Povyshenie vosproizvoditel'noj sposobnosti molochnyh korov – Increasing the reproductive capacity of dairy cows. Moskva, Lan', 224 (in Russian).

Kochuk-Yashhenko, O. A., D. M. Kucher, and V. Yu. Mamchenko. 2019. Hospodarsky korysni oznaky koriv-pervistok symentalskoi porody zalezhno vid tryvalosti servis-periodu pry orhanichnomu vyrobnytstvi moloka – Economically useful features of Simmental cows, depending on the duration of the service period in organic milk production. Visnyk Sumskoho nats. ahrar. un-tu. Nauk. zhurnal. Seriia «Tvarynnytstvo» – Bulletin of Sumy nat. agrarian univer. Science. Journal. Series «Livestock». Sumy. 3(38):19–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32845/bsnau.lvst.2019.3.3 (in Ukrainian).

Korobko, A. V., E. P. Dragun, and I. A. Deshko. 2015. Vlijanie razlichnyh faktorov na molochnuju produktivnost' korov belorusskoj cherno-pestroj porody v KSUP «Oborona strany» – Influence of various factors on milk productivity of cows of the Belarusian Black-and-White breed in the KSUP «Defense of the country». Aktual'nye problemy intensivnogo razvitija zhivotnovodstva: sbornik nauchnyh trudov – Actual problems of intensive development of animal husbandry: sbornik nauchnyh trudov / Ministerstvo sel'skogo hozjajstva i prodovol'stvija Respubliki Belarus', Glavnoe upravlenie obrazovanija, nauki i kadrov, Uchrezhdenie obrazovanija «Belorusskaja gosudarstvennaja sel'skohozjajstvennaja akademija». Gorki.18 (2):158–166 (in Russian).

Kuhn, M. T., J. Hutchison, and H. D. Norman. 2006. Effect soflength of dry period on yields of fat and protein, fertility and milk somatic cells corein the subsequen lactation of dairy cows. J. Dairy Res. 73(2):154–62 (in English).

Published
2021-12-08
How to Cite
Kochuk-Yashchenko, O., Kucher, D., Ustimovich, O., Mosiychuk, M., & Bystranivskyi, Y. (2021). REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF FIRST-CALF COWS OF SIMMENTAL BREED IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MILK PRODUCTION. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 62, 145-158. https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.62.19