Peculiarities of the genetic structure of Grey Ukrainian breed cattle by complex genotypes

  • N. B. Mokhnachova Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS (Chubynske, Ukraine)
Keywords: Gray Ukrainian breed, cows, economic-useful signs, molecular genetic markers, alleles, QTL-markers, PCR-RFLP

Abstract

Reducing national genetic resources or gene pools of animals and plants is one of the risks of industrialization of agriculture. Loss of breed diversity, along with the disappearance of unique genetic combinations, leads to a limitation of the possibility of breeding work.

It is clear that the main condition for the conservation of local breeds of animals is the discovery of their genetic diversity. Aboriginal rocks have excellent resistance to many diseases, a strong constitution, they are adapted to specific environmental conditions, which allows them to be used to improve existing and emerging breeds. When preserving indigenous rocks it is important to keep not only the appearance and biological properties of animals, but unique genes and their combinations.

In most countries of the world there are local (aboriginal) breeds of animals, whose contribution to the production of food and agricultural products could potentially be much larger and more weighty. In Ukraine such aboriginal breeds include Ukrainian Gray breed of cattle.

Modern molecular genetics makes it possible to detect genes associated with the economically useful features of farm animals. Dairy and meat productivity are complex quantitative characteristics, which are controlled by a large number of genetic loci. Therefore, the selection of several markers from the main genes by one sign will allow to more effectively evaluate the genetic potential of animal productivity.

The purpose of the work was to study the peculiarities of the genetic structure of Gray Ukrainian breed by complex genotypes – combinations of valuable genes that influence milk and meat productivity.

Blood samples (n = 173) from the cows of Gray Ukrainian breed from farms of the state enterprise "Markeevo" of the ISTP named after them were investigated. M. F. Ivanov NAAN Askaniya-Nova" – NNHSGTSV (Kherson oblast) and state enterprise" Polivanivka "DU IZK NAAN (Dnipropetrovsk region). Molecular-genetic studies were conducted on the basis of the Genetics Laboratory of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS.

Today it is established that the quality of milk, its technological qualities and composition of cheese depend primarily on the alleles B of the gaps of kapa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin, which act complementary to each other. As a result of our research, integrated genotypes were identified at the same time for two genes of milk proteins in Gray Ukrainian breed of cattle of two populations.

In the population of "Markeevo", we found only 7 of the 9 theoretically possible genotypes.

The most commonly found in the cows of the gray Ukrainian breed Markeevo is the genotype CSN3AB / βLGVB. This genotype is found in one-third of the cows we examined (41 heads or 31%). It should be noted that the genotype CSN3AB / βLGAB was detected in each fifth cow (28 heads).

The CSN3AA / βLGBB (21 heads or 15.5%) and CSN3AA / βLGAB genotypes (16 heads or 12.1%) fell to third and fourth place respectively. The frequency of CSN3BV / βLGAA, CSN3AV / βLGAA genotypes slightly exceeded the threshold of 5%. Two genotypes of CSN3AA / βLGAA and CSN3AV / βLGAA in the examined animals of the gray Ukrainian breed Markeevo are absent.

In the population of gray cattle from Polivanivka, we got similar results. Thus, in the investigated animals of the 9 theoretically expected genotypes, 6 complex genotypes were identified for the kapa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin genes.

The leading positions among the complex genotypes of this population are genotypes that contain three and two alleles in the genes of milk proteins, respectively: CSN3AB / βLGBB (34.2%) and CSN3AA / βLGBB (31.5%). At the third place – homozygous for the genome of kapa-casein genotype CSN3AA / βLGAB (13.2%). This genotype occurs in every third tested cow. The CSN3AV / βLGAB and CSN3BV / βLGVB genotypes with the same value of 7.9% were detected in each fourth animal. The frequency of the CSN3BV / βLGAB genotype slightly exceeded the threshold of 5% and amounted to 5.3%.

Missing were 3 out of 9 theoretically possible genotypes: CSN3AA / βLGAA, CSN3AB / βLGAA and CSN3BV / βLGAA.

Hence, in Gray Ukrainian breed, the genotypes CSN3AV / βLGVB and CSN3AB / βLGAB, which have two or three alleles B, which are associated with the best milk coagulation in the manufacture of protein-containing products, prevail.

The peculiarities of the genetic structure of the gray Ukrainian breed of cattle based on the complex genotypes of CSN3, GH, βLG, TG 5 and CAPN1530 genes, which are associated with economically useful features of milk and meat productivity, were studied.It is established that in Gray Ukrainian breed the genotypes CSN3AB / βLGVB and CSN3AA / βLGBB, which have two and three alleles B, which are associated with the best milk coagulation in the production of protein-containing products, prevail.

Also, cows with the complex genotype GHLL / TGCT / CAPN1GG and GHLL / TG5CT / CAPN1GA are the most frequent. The genome of the growth hormone is dominated by the desired allele L and the genotype LL, which is characterized by higher growth rates in animals. Relatively to the thyroglobulin gene, the most commonly occurring C allele in the SS and CT genotypes. The frequency of the G allele was the highest in the genome of cappina, it is associated with a decrease in the elasticity of muscle fibers and is desirable for the animals of the meat sector of productivity.

References

1. Zakharov, I. A. 2006. Genofondy sel'skokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh: geneticheskie resursy zhivotnovodstva – Gene pools farm animal: animal genetic resources. Moskva, Nauka, 462 (in Russian).
2. Huzyev, I. V., O. D. Biryukova, L. V. Vyshnevs'kyy, N. L. Ryeznikova, and O. I. Kostenko. 2013. Stratehichni napryamy roboty shchodo zberezhennya henofondu sil's'kohospodars'kykh tvaryn v Ukrayiny – Ukraine has strategic work assignments in relation to maintenance of gene pool of agricultural animals. Rozvedennya i henetyka tvaryn – Breeding and genetics of animals. 47:13–23 (in Ukrainian).
3. Kopylova, K. V. 2012. Molekuliarno-henetychni markery v systemi zberezhennia bi- oriznomanittia silskohospodarskyk htvaryn : avtoref. dys. … d-ra s.-h. nauk – Molecular genetic markers in the system of conservation of biodiversity of farm animals. Thesis doctor of agricultural sciences. 36 (іn Ukrainian).
4. Gaal', E., G. Med'eshi and L. Veretskey. 1982. Elektroforez v razdelenii biologicheskikh makromolekul – Electrophoresis in the separation of biological macromolecules. Moskva, Mir, 446 (in Russian).
5. Altukhov, Yu. P. 1989. Geneticheskieprotsessy v populyatsiyakh – Genetic processes in popu- lations. Moskva, Nauka, 328 (in Russian).
6. Zaripov, O. Ya. 2010. Gennotipirovaniye krupnogo rogatogo skota po genam betalaktoglo- bulina i kappa-kazeina metodami DNK-tekhnologii :avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk – Genotyping of cattle on the beta-lactoglobulin and kappa-casein genes by the methods of DNA technology : the author's abstract of the dissertation of the candidate of biological sciences. Kazan', 20 (іn Russian).
7. Ivanchenko, E. V., R. V. Oblapand, and V. I. Glazko. 2002. Polimorfizm khozyaystvenno-tsennykh genov (beta-laktoglobulin,kappa-kazein) uautokhonnykh porod Ukrainy – Polymorphism of econom- ically valuable genes (beta-laktoglobulin, kappa-kazein) autohonnyh rocks in Ukraine. Materialy nauch.-gen. konf., posvyashch. 100-letiyu so dnya rozhd. A. R. Zhebrakai 70-letiyu obrazovaniya kaf. Genetiki Moskovskoys.-kh. akad. im. K. A. Timiryazeva – Materials scientific- gene. conf., is dedicated .100th anniversary of birth. A. R. Zhebrak and the 70th anniversary of the Department of Education. Moscow Agricultural Genetics Acad. them. Timiryazev. 126–128(in Russian).
8. Hou, G. Y., Z. R. Yuan, H. L. Zhou, L. P. Zhang, J. Y. Li, X. Gao, D. J. Wang, H. J. Gao, and S. Z. Xu. 2011. Association of thyroglobulin gene variants with carcass and meat quality traits in beef cattle. Molecular biology report. 38:4705–4708 (in English).
Published
2018-05-15
How to Cite
Mokhnachova, N. B. (2018). Peculiarities of the genetic structure of Grey Ukrainian breed cattle by complex genotypes. Animal Breeding and Genetics, 55, 235-242. https://doi.org/10.31073/abg.55.32
Section
Conservation of Animal Biodiversity