ACTIVE PART OF POPULATIONS OF TRANSBOUNDARY AND DOMESTIC BREEDS OF DAIRY AND COMBINED CATTLE BREEDING OF UKRAINE

A. YE. POCHUKALIN, S. V. PRYIMA, O. V. RIZUN Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS (Сhubynske, Ukraine) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2280-5371 – A. Yе. Pochukalin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9902-4325 – S. V. Pryima https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-3656 – O. V. Rizun Pochuk.A@ukr.net Today in Ukraine, according to the State Register of Breeding Subjects, 13 dairy cattle breeds have been registered in animal husbandry. Conventionally, they can be divided into transboundary ones, such as Ayrshire, Angler, Holstein, Simmental, Brown Swiss and Red Polish, and domestic – Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Lebedyn, Red Steppe, Ukrainian Brown Dairy, Red, Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cattle. The breeding part of the dairy cattle population is 299908 breeding animals, including 129557 cows, which are concentrated in 321 breeding subjects. The share of domestic breeds is at the level of 67.9%. A tendency towards an increase in the number of animals in the population of transboundary breeds by 56724 animals was noted, with a simultaneous reduction in domestic breeds by 221980 animals. The main part of the transboundary breeds is Holstein (83%) and Simmental (11%), and in the domestic breed population, it is Ukrainian Black-and-White (71.5%) and Red-and-White (19.8%) dairy cattle. Local domestic breeds (Lebedyn, Red Steppe, Ukrainian Brown Dairy) occupy 2.8%. The level of milk yield of the studied cows of the breeding part of the population of domestic and transboundary breeds is quite high and is in the range of 7242 ... 4309 kg. During the study period, there is a gradual increase from 2002 to 2019 for the milking, fat content and the amount of milk fat in cows of a population of transboundary and domestic breeds, which is respectively 3382.1 kg 0.16%; 140.7 kg and 3052 kg 0.06%; 118.1 kg. In 2019, the highest milk yield in the population of transboundary breeds was noted among Holstein cows (8679 kg) and Brown Swiss (8789) breeds, and in domestic – Ukrainian Black-and-White (7514 kg) and Red-and-White (7005 kg) dairy breads. The fat content in milk is more than 4% in cows of local breeds of Ukraine. An analysis of the level of milk yield of cows for the studied periods showed a decrease in the number of farms with a yield of 5 thousand kg or less. So, in 2002, the share of farms breeding transboundary breeds was 70%, then in 2019 only 13%, and in domestic from 83% to 16%. The average milk yield of cows of more than 10000 kg was recorded in 17 breeding farms.

Рівень надою пробонітованих корів племінної частини популяції вітчизняних і транскордонних порід достатньо високий і знаходиться в межах 7242 … 4309 кг. За досліджуваний період (2002- Introduction. The European leaders in the selection of transboundary dairy breeds of cattle, such as Holstein, Brown Swiss, Simmental, Jersey, Ayrshire, Angler and Montbéliarde include France, Germany, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Denmark, Austria, Poland and Hungary. These countries have breeding programs and strategies to improve breeding traits with the already mentioned breeds. In addition to providing their populations with food, countries with developed dairy cattle-breeding are constantly export of valuable genetic material with the involvement of biotechnology and artificial insemination. All these measures have a positive effect on the breeding characteristics of cattle and have specific features of the exterior, reproduction and milk productivity. However, along with this, there is the question of conservation autochthonous breeds as a national heritage, which each country decides independently, using different methods (in and ex situ) [1,2,[4][5][6][7][8][9][10].
Dairy cattle-breeding in Ukraine is no exception. Today in the country breeding farms use 13 dairy breeds of cattle of specialized and combined directions of productivity of domestic and transboundary breeds. Materials of annual monitoring on the level of economically useful traits of breeding animals are provided by the State Register of Breeding Subjects [3,11,13].
The purpose of research. The purpose of the study was to establish the ratio of the number of transboundary and domestic groups of breeds, as well as monitor the level of milk productivity of cows during the first lactation and on average by populations in the studied periods. The results of research. It was established that the active part of the dairy cattle population for the studied periods averages 314845 heads, including 116186 cows, which are concentrated in 377 breeding farms.
During the 17-year period (2002 … 2019), the population of transboundary breeds did not exceed 100 thousand heads, but there was a clear tendency to increase the population with each subsequent study period (table 1). The share of Holstein and Simmental breeds in the population structure of transboundary breeds is 83% and 11%, respectively.

Number of breeding animals of transboundary and domestic breeds of cattle of dairy and combined directions of productivity
Year The largest number of breeding animals of the population of domestic breeds was observed in 2005. Further, there is a tendency to reduce the number of livestock, which is 221998 heads (48%) for the period 2005 … 2019. Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White Dairy cattle occupy 71.5% and 19.8% in the structure of the population of domestic breeds. The local breeds, namely Ukrainian Whiteheaded, Lebedyn and Red Steppe, which need to be preserved are 0.3%, 0.7% and 1.8%, respectively.
The number of breeding farms with more than 1000 cows in 2019 was 22 farms, including 12 farms engaged in breeding domestic breeds of dairy cattle. It was established that the level of milk productivity in 2019 of cows of the population of transboundary breeds during the first lactation and on average after lactations increased compared to 2002 by 2974 kg per milk yield; 0.16% by fat content in milk; by 125.3 kg by the amount of milk fat and by 3382.4 kg; 0.16% and 140.7 kg, respectively (table 2).  In addition, studying the dynamics of the studied periods decreased the number of farms with a milk yield of 5 thousand kg or less. If in 2002 the share of such farms in domestic and transboundary breeds was 83% and 70%, in 2019 it decreased to 16% and 13%, respectively. In 2019, 9 farms with a milk yield of 10000 kg per cow in the population of transboundary breeds and 8 farms in domestic breeds were registered.

Dairy productivity of estimated cows of transboundary and domestic breeds of cattle
During the five studied periods, the number of cows with a milk yield of 6-7 thousand kg was set at 73097, including a share of 83% in the population of domestic breeds. More than 10000 kg of milk was obtained from 19784 head of cows, of which 13305 cows in the population of transboundary breeds.
Conclusions. The active part of the dairy cattle population is 299908 breeding animals, including 129557 cows, which are concentrated in 321 breeding subjects. Studies have shown a reduction in the breeding population of domestic breeds, while there is an increase in the population of transboundary breeds. During the study period (2002-2019) there was an increase in milk productivity, according to all indicators with a significant increase milk yield cows of transboundary breeds by 3382.1 kg and domestic cows by 3052 kg. In 2019, 17 breeding farms with a milk yield of more than 10000 kg were registered.